Oral Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oral Language - Essay Example Spoken language is essential for the onset of thoughtfulness. Once familiarity is developed with the listening and speaking skills it enables the development of writing and reading skills. Playing games with the kids, talking with them, spinning a tale, involving them through the mysteries of stuffed animals, narrating stories with props, spiritual chants, songs, puppets, playing interactive computer games, drawing and colouring facilitate them to construct an approachable and communicative language. Such activities stimulate the brain and aids in building vocabulary on one hand, while on the other these actions train the children to become accustomed with the oral language (Oral Language Activities that Develop Reading Readiness). Further, enables the child to develop fine as well as gross motor skills. With the advent of science and technology, various audio visual aids are available encompassing songs and rhymes that are directed to develop the understanding towards the surroundin gs, about self and body parts, about weather, clothes, shelters, pets, time, good habits, actions and keep the children involved in a complete manner. These activities play vital role in the cognitive development of the child right from the birth (Songs for Teaching). A constructive interaction always encourages the child, at the same time it is essential to put off falter and pauses for the growing personality. Early speech development allows the child to articulate and build communication with everyone around. This gives support in mastering other skills like writing, reading and understanding at much faster pace (Small, 2011). Understanding the requirement of the child as per age enhances the speech development. For instance- From Birth to Age of two- The care giver should talk a lot with the baby belonging to this particular age group. Babies at this age start recognizing the sounds, gesture and they start with the mono-syllable words, they try to identify the jargons, songs and rhymes encompassing actions and movements, gesture empowers their grasping. On the other hand, at the age of two to four grasping improves and therefore words should be spoken with care so that the appropriate vocabulary is framed. Use of abusive language in front of the child puts a wrong perception in the development. Age four to six, the school age, requires constant motivation and admiration for the good deeds performed or for the small achievements. Initiating expansion of vocabulary enables greater command over the language at the early stage of development, while at seven to eight years, the child understands the world around and should always be encouraged to ask and express what they perceive, enhancing the development of understanding the world in a better way and safeguarding self from any kind of mishaps or abuses (Small, 2011). Oral language is the most imperative part of the child's cognitive development, as it is the only means that aid in conveying wishes and knowle dge. Oral language is the vital characteristic of language as it paves the way for literacy proficiency. Significance Oral language becomes a contributing factor in the academic success. According to Rhode Island Department of Education, "At middle school, student who had poor oral language skills in kindergarten lag five years behind their peers who had strong oral language skills in kindergarten." Oral language plays an important role in generating phonological responsiveness of words, followed by

Ethics, as It Pertains to Information Technology Term Paper

Ethics, as It Pertains to Information Technology - Term Paper Example Ethics in information technology is a branch of philosophy that deals with how people should make decisions concerned with their professional conduct, when using information technology. Computers have dramatically changed information handling and communication, but have also caused ethical questions to be raised on standards that the users of information technology should uphold in order to be at par with the expectations from the society. The most theatrical abuse of computer technology is the rampant internet hackings of company websites and online theft of credit card numbers. Such cases are imperceptible, frequent and tied to everyday workings of ordinary, law abiding citizens and different situations are on the rise with great frequency due to computer hacking. Hacking is a situation where an individual referred to as a hacker, gains, or attempts to gain access to resources or services belonging to someone else from their computer databases, usually organizations or companies wi thout their prior authorization or awareness (Davis, Philipp and Cowen, 2005). Such activities lead to the disruption of services, loss of data as well as vandalism of data, software or even hardware resources. Hackers are motivated by a multitude of reasons, which include, getting profits, protests, or to gain recognition based on the enormity of the challenge. Hackers have different attitudes and aims. They use different terms to differentiate themselves from each other, or to exclude themselves from specific groups that they have disagreements with. Members of the computer underground should be referred to as crackers and not hackers. A cracker is someone who gains unauthorized access to a computer in order to commit crimes such as information theft. The amount of data and its confidentiality amplifies the concerns that are raised over information technology ethics, and why they should be maintained. Organizations are then forced to device come up with ethical standards that will guide their employees conduct while at the same time ensuring that they remain within the bounds of acceptable public ethics. However, there has been a disregard of societal ethics where companies have employed espionage tactics over rival companies to gain unfair competitive advantage by hacking into their information systems or purchasing information from hackers. In other cases, inquisitive minors have done hacking using a computer and an internet connection. A good example is that of a juvenile who, in March of 1997, sent a couple of computer commands from his personal computer effectively and disabled a telephone company services that was serving an airport in the United States. Such actions have drawn major attention from security agencies such as the F.B.I, and they have made fighting computer hacking be one of their priorities. In the recent past, there has been an accelerated increase in the number of organized hacker groups all over the world. Such groups gather occasiona lly in conventions such as DEF CON, HoHoCon, and SummerCon and such conventions provide information and a means to learn from other members. Hackers also gain credibility by affiliating themselves to elite hacker organizations. Public interest groups such as the computer Ethics Institute have been in the frontline in trying to lay down the ethical standards that computer users should uphold. Various security agencies have highly prioritized cases of hacking to the extent of setting up a

Overview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts Degree

Overview of Assessments in Postgraduate Arts Degree The first semester started with an individual challenge to the Masters students. It consisted of an introspective project where one had to create a self-portrait piece, which could be in any possible platform or support. A self-portrait is a representation of an artist, drawn, painted, photographed, or sculpted by the artist. Although self-portraits have been made by artists since the earliest times, it is not until the Early Renaissance in the mid 1400s that artists can be frequently identified depicting themselves as either the main subject, or as important characters in their work. With better and cheaper mirrors, and the advent of the panel portrait, many painters, sculptors and printmakers tried some form of self-portraiture. (Edward Lucie-Smith, S. K. 1987) For me a portrait should illustrate not only the appearance of its subject, but also details which link to his personality and past experiences. My experiments on portraying myself were based on an indirect reflection of myself, inserting some of my characteristics in my painting or drawing. In this case, I wanted to try a new approach, something quite different. After some doodling and sketching, I opted on using the photographic mosaic technique. This technique consists in a picture divided into rectangular segments, all then replaced with another photograph of an approximated color. When it is looked at from a distance, the individual pixels appear as the primary image, while close examination reveals that the image is, in reality, composed of many smaller images. Trademarked by Runaway Technology, Inc., in 2003 by Robert Silvers, a Masters student at MIT (US Trademark Office. Retrieved 2009-10-13), the technique Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. That piece would be inserted in a tridimensional composition, expressing how my past experiences shaped my personality and how it shows on the outside, by my actions and appearance. The composition was influenced by the work of and Julien Vallà ©e. His outstanding, creative and inspiring handmade graphic sculptures and stylish motion graphics are like passage ways to alternative dimensions, parallel worlds. He also has an incredible ability to connect elements in a way that his compositions always become direct means of communication. The tridimensional lettering forms a sentence from Fernando Pessoa, the brilliant Portuguese poet, and its meaning is much more than it appears to be. The phrase is a hymn to the Portuguese people, representing hope and belief in ourselves Because life is made of bits of experiences and an individual is composed of his memories, each pixel of my portrait was to be replaced with photographs of dates, events and people that had marked me. 1st brief Two weeks after my arrival at the UK, still getting used to the new life in Epsom, it was time to start the first semester work. As starter, on the first course meeting, each postgraduate student had to present themselves as well as their portfolio of work. The purpose of those presentations was to help us students to know each other and to, after that, choose the people we wanted to work with. The first project we would have to answer was presented to us and it consisted in, after forming teams within the class, brand ourselves as a team and represent that same team in the form of a website. Each designer or partnership had to create an interactive website design that had a recognizable identity and brand experience; defined a philosophy, rationale and methods of working; which explored through the presentation of work, how the team applied key theoretical, socio/cultural, political or industrial concepts to it; which had background documentation of research that explores a variety of contemporary screen portfolio styles and influences. The website should show the added value of the team, as well as the target companies (who would we want to work with? who would our audience be?) As for the presentation, it should explore and apply clear graphic design and communication tools to communicate the ideas of the team. Every presentation went smoothly and I was mesmerized with the talent, skills and impressive work shown by my colleagues and to choose the ones I wanted to work with was proving to be difficult. I know that in a team we have to combine, not only the skills of its members, but also there has to be a mutual understanding and a good relationship between them. Taking that fact into consideration, I looked to the people I already knew and with whom I had a good connection and between them five appeared to be the most reliable. When the presentations were done, I was asked by the two girls sitting next to me if we could be in the same group, and since they were part of the group of people I wanted to work with, I agreed with it. Later I received some invitations from other groups and people, but it was too late. Who knows if it was the best choice, or how would it had been if Ive chosen to join other group? I dont know, but the group was then made and it was a powerful group made of strong willed people me, Ines Torre; Rudo Tinofieryi; Rashi Puri; Helmut Mertens; Christina Sinn; and Chia Chieh Chih. Afterwards, I was approached by Lisa, who asked to join the team I was in. Since our team had already six elements, we had to first be sure it was acceptable to have an additional member. She then asked our supervisor, Damian Chapman, if there was any problem in her joining our team, and after he said that it was perfectly fine, our team had turned from six into a seven members team. We established a clear time plan and pursued on our first meeting making a first approach to how we would work and which were the personal influences from each team member. Unfortunately, there was some sort of problem with our team. We were notified that the team couldnt continue having seven elements since all team should have a maximum of six members and there was other team Afterdark which had only five members. That brought us into a hard situation, having to choose someone from the team to leave the rest. After a long discussion on the matter, all of us being reluctant in expelling anyone, the group came to the consent that Lisa, for being the last element to join the group, should be the one to leave. This was not an easy decision to be made, but everyone understood it was a necessary measure to be taken and it was decided in a democratic way, so everyone could have a part on it. Having read Marty Neumeiers publications The Designful Company: How to build a culture of nonstop innovation and The Brand Gap, I had the perspective that the power of a name strengthens the meaning of branding while promoting an industry. While taking into consideration the name of a corporation, its needed to keep in mind the significance of branding. To settle on a name is not a mere coincidence, but, on the contrary, is a meticulous process and study of possible names and meaning. Consumers dont actually think about the magnitude of branding, but he needs to understand the brands product or services. The route begins creating a simple name, consumers memorize whats simple, and also making sure your name can be connected with something positive the consumer is attracted to items to which he can relate positive qualities. One more important point is that the name must be unique. If the name is too similar to another companys, then the public is likely to mix the companies in question, which decreases revenue. It is commonly known in the business world that a brands name is of the highest significance for any businesses. Without an attractive and familiar brand name, it doesnt matter if the products or services are good, the income would almost certainly not be that encouraging. A great name would be easily associated with the products or services offered (people would relate excellent cars with Ferrari or Lamborghini, sportswear with Adidas or Nike, soft drinks with Coke or Pepsi the same way as fast food with McDonalds or KFC). The brand name is used interchangeably quite regularly within the term brand, even though it is more appropriately used to particularly stand for linguistic elements of any product. It constitutes then a sort of trademark, if the name entirely categorizes its owner as the commercial font of the products or services. As my research on the subject revealed, relating to brand names, they can appear in many styles: Acronyms (constituted of initials); Descriptive (which illustrates a product utility); Alliteration or rhyme (amusing to say and easy to remember); Evocative (which evoke a real picture); Neologisms (words invented out of nothing); Foreign words (adopted from another language); Founders names (names of real people); Geography (names of regions or landmarks); Personification (brands that take their names from myths or legends). Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Not sure about what would be the best choice of a name for the team we just formed, on the first meeting I had with my team mates, we started by defining ourselves with just one word. Each of us had, also, to specify our strengths in graphic design. As shown in the scanned mind map on the previous page, each member mentioned their roles in the area of Graphic Design, how they describe themselves and their definition of Graphic Design. The interesting point we got from those notions was that we all complemented each other, and each one had their own and particular value to the team. It was a good start. Knowing each members strengths would make it easier to plan a strategy for our work flow, as well as for each ones roles. To maximize the time and do the best possible with a tight schedule, is always necessary to indicate specific roles for the elements of the team. I see myself as someone determined and hard worker, never afraid of late working hours or to fight for what I believe. My core strengths are the experience in working both in web design and usability, as well as illustration. Basically, I have had worked in the most varied areas of Design (for example, video editing, animation, airbrushing, photography and publication). The core motive that made me join the Masters course of Graphic Design Communication in the University for the Creative Arts in Epsom was the search for training not skills but ideas. Because a good idea is what really matters. As for my team mates: Rashi is experienced in photography, flash animation and both print and typography, she defined herself with the word simplicity; Rudo has an amazing talent for packaging design and brand identity, and describe herself as unique I couldnt agree more, as shes one of most remarkable people Ive ever met; Christina is the force connecting the group an defines herself as creative, she is also strong in print design; Chih is simply crazy by her own words- and she is strong in various areas, including the creative one; finally, the only male member of the group, Helmut, is a realist and the typography specialist. Resuming, we all defined Graphic Design as a tool to support communication and to understand information. As a group it was clear from the beginning that we wanted to represent ourselves as a young, fun and creative team that would approach design without fear. We wanted to create clever and wacky ideas that would translate into interesting design that communicates a message. We wanted to work for clients who are open minded and would give us the freedom to create unique ideas. An example of those companies is Coca Cola or Cadbury. After having presented ourselves to the rest of the team, in a more profound way than earlier before all the class, we started our quest for a name doing a brainstorm on random words and expressions. That brainstorm is illustrated in the mind map seen above. Our method consisted in quickly saying the first thing that came to mind on the instant. We then would search for the origins, context and meaning of each word or phrases. A list was made and every name analyzed. Some of the names we came up with were excluded for being already used by other companies and to select the final one from those left, each member voted on the names they preferred. By the end of the voting, the name chosen was Bring Back the Bacon. I personally voted on this name. It has all that is requested in a good brand name: is fun to say; easy to remember; and has that freshness of being something new. Plus, it means bring home the prize, which is the goal of our projects. One of my key influences for the choice of that name was the personal website of Nessim Higson, iamalwayshungry.com. The name is incredibly fun to say and is just basically a random phrase, but communicates the authors constant hunger for knowledge and new experiences. That was the exact feeling I wanted for the team. The website also inspired me for its interactivity it challenges the user to explore and unveil its contents by telling him to drag his mouse trough the page. Initially we thought of using a food/kitchen based theme, so, the first sketches for the logo were around that theme. While sketching possibilities for a logo, we were also thinking of possible metaphors for the website. The kitchen theme would be an interesting one. Doodling with that idea of kitchen in mind, I thought: why not using a fridge as a metaphor? As a web page, it also has different levels, areas, and those aspects could work with a web interface. With this in mind, I tried to explore the concept, building possible information maps for the distribution of contents on the website. Parallel to this, I started playing with different ideas for the logo. Ultimately I thought about the crazy factor we said we wanted for our team. And whats crazier than the Cookie Monster from Sesame Street? The character was a perfect fit for giving a certain fun aspect to the kitchen based thematic. Developing that idea, I started with some sketches of our own Bring Back the Bacon monster (see previous and next page). The monster was later discarded as the whole concept of a kitchen based metaphor was rejected. The fridge, interface we ultimately chosen for the page, was associated with cold and harsh. It was a flaw from our part to not consider the English public as a primary client: the cold does not please the consumer, because the typical English weather is already too cold. It could work with the use of a oven instead of the fridge, but we also admitted that all that thematic was too clichà ©. So, we started all over again, from the beginning, trying to find the right way to conduct our project. I then created some characters to impersonate the members of the team. With those characters, the website could be developed through a comic strip, telling the story of the team, our beliefs and the way we work. Different styles of characters were tried simplified shapes, as well as manga style illustration (see below and next page). This idea wasnt developed profoundly, as it didnt show the graphic style of the group. We defined ourselves as a group of young designers from around the world and following the motto nothing without fun. Our understanding of Graphic Design is that it has to catch the attention of its viewers, with clever ideas that communicate a message. The comic strip approach wouldnt follow the path we had encrypted in our description. Putting that idea to the side, and going back to the search for an adequate logo to represent Bring Back the Bacon, I thought about the values we wanted to transmit to our future clients, besides the craziness. We would be loyal to our clients, only thinking on their behalf, and which animal is known for its loyalty? The mens best friend the dog. With that I started making some doodles of dogs (see below). The dog should be both charming and crazy to represent us properly so, I thought about drawing him showing his tongue. That attitude would show the character as a rebel. But it wasnt quite passing the feeling I intended. How about a dog with an open mouth, barking loudly? It would express the impression that were new but were here to stay, and we want to make an impact. Is the kind of feeling of screaming our lungs out that kind of freedom which we think defines us as a team. And so, it seemed we had found our logo. But the truth is that it would work much better as a mascot. The logo was still missing. Then, we tried a different approach a typographic logo. Playing with the initials from our name, BBTB (Bring Back the Bacon). That turned out to be the best solution for us. After some doodling, the final logo finally took form. For the colors, the bright yellow, so catchy, in contrast with a solid black. On one hand, yellow transmits happiness and warmth, but on the other it is the color of deceit. It also represents courage in Japan, and is a symbol of peace in the Indian culture. Reading the book The Elements of Color by Johannes Itten helped me understanding the reasons of using the yellow color instead of others (since it was also considered the use of red). Also, my perception psychologys knowledge from my Bachelor has aid me on this aspect according to The American Journal of Psychology, yellow is stimulates the brain and the nervous system, activates the memory and encourages communication. Clearly this was the color which best described us. The main influence for the design of the logo is clear the DAD logo. Designed by Colin Forbes, one of the five founders of the Pentagram design studio, the DAD logo has all the characteristics of success it is attractive, simple, clear and efficient. Every neat piece of design needs a grand concept behind it. Is that concept thats going to preserve the core value of the designed article. With this project, we specified the head banging as main concept of our identity. It is translated as yes, we can do it, which enforces the teams attitude facing graphic design. On our first brief, we needed an added value to our final concept, so it would be strong and efficient on delivering our core identity to the public. When we went to London, to ask the designers and creatives from established design agencies and business people to say yes with us, it marked the point we wanted to make clear we are not on the way to be a top design team, we are already on the top. The sense of belief in our work was reflected on that act, and all the rest of the elements of the identity came along following it. Our concept was based on the happiness that we transpire in the team, inspiring each other , and reflecting the fun side of graphic design. With the identity of the team defined, the next step was to establish a concept, the big idea and the core value, which would bring the clients to us and make them choose our services instead of other companies. Going over the description of our team, we did not wanted to be seen as a regular design agency, but as a fun company, which reflects the way we feel about creating design solutions. With that in mind, we started working on the website prototype. Since we put aside the use of metaphors on our website, I started exploring minimalist layouts, with straight lines it would fit perfectly with our style. Taking the black and yellow from the logo, those would be the main colors of the page, and, for the background, a plain white, giving it a touch of simplicity. However, there wasnt anything incredible about the page. It needed something different that would motivate the users to come back to our website. I was deeply influenced by some fantastic websites which explore this matter and please the user with interactive pages (see on the right and next page). What all these websites have in common is the fact of being different. It induces the user into revisiting the page once more to have that sensation of surprise he had the first time he encountered it. They also make an excellent use of color, setting the right mood to the interaction of the user and the page being with its graphics or written content. In the current brief there was an imperative need of a fresh design. The web is already filed with too much flash websites, and, the truth is that everyone with flash coding skills can create a simple animated website, but only a creative mind can look over from that. I then came across the website of the Champagne Perrier-Jouet. It dazzles the user with a clean layout and soft lines, with some reminiscence from the Art Nouveau. An amazing aspect of this website is that it makes use of videos integrated in the layout giving it the difference factor the same factor we wanted for our webpage. Following the example of Perrier-Jouet, our website should integrate videos as an added value to the page. The final layout was then quickly designed (see next page). The idea was to place a main video on the home page, which would have objects or elements that worked as links to the following pages, constituting on the main menu. As for the navigation, it would be made through sliding from a page to another. Later on, that sliding effect was rejected, due to technical problems and lack of time to develop it properly. We then opted for a simple navigation, without any animation or effect. Each member of the team would be wearing different masks of the teams mascot. However, the masks would have some element that would relate to the person behind it. Then, a symbol was designed for each of the team members, which could define their personalities and work methods. As seen on the previous spread, the BBTB website has four submenus by the names: culprits; ideology; work; and ring. The culprits page starts with a fun and crazy video made from various shootings of moments the team spent together. I thought this would show to the user how we love what we do and how we have fun designing. It captures the joie de vivre we all have in our daily life and towards our work. At the end of the short movie, a message appears challenging the user to click on our mascots below if he wants to know more about the team members. Clicking on each mascot, it is possible to see a photograph of its related member, as well as a description of its role. On the other hand, on the ideology page the user can read about the philosophy thats behind our work methodology. As for the work page, since we were a newborn team of designers, it wouldnt make much sense to just display each team members previous individual work. As a team, our work had to represent us as a whole. With that said, we decided to go to some of Londons companies (design related or not) and ask them to nod their heads with us. As crazy as that may sound, the core meaning of that act was the fact that they would be saying yes to our team. Nodding their heads at the same pace as us shows how we didnt wanted to reach the industry it showed us as being already there. The professionals shown in that video are Phoebe Chang, History teacher at London School of Economics; Tom Probert, designer at Coley Porter Bell; Luca Da Silva, chairman of Albert Mildred; Nadia Kellas, freelance designer at Bostock and Pollitt; and the manager of London Graphic Center at Covent Garden. Finally, the ring page is the location where users or potential clients would be able to communicate with us, sharing their opinions and ideas regarding the team or its work. The music that was used on the background was of great importance for the group. We wanted a sound that wasnt annoying to listen to continuously, preferably without lyrics. It was then decided to contact different types of music bands or djs. The hip feeling of electro music with odd added sounds would reflect us and that was what we needed. The contemporary aspect of that music style also matched our personalities. With that in mind, we got in touch with a fascinating Belgian dj by the artistic name of MagikBitum, who mixed a song exclusively for our team. Personally, the choice of music was well made, since my musical influences have strong electronic roots. But in my opinion, it should have had a more indie touch to it. Because we wanted to be known as alternative agency, meaning that we would be more than ordinary, more than mainstream. Music is an outstanding inspiration, for me as graphic designer, and I search for challenging sounds and lyrics, which stimulate my creativity. Some of the strongest musical influences on the work I developed through this design path are the Icelandic singer-songwriter, composer and music producer, Bjà ¶rk, and the Irish/English electronic duo, Moloko. Their visuals and sounds are sometimes strange, yet amazingly refreshing. The stationery for our team brand was not a requested item, but I proposed it to the team and it was accepted. Being this project about branding, I felt it was a aspect that needed to be explored. I started making some sketches and thinking of the kind of items that could be done, and designed the business cards and letterhead for the team, as well as a notebook and folder to store all the items (see below and following pages). For the business card, I idealized a pop-up system to be inbuilt in it. The card would have a closed version for an easy storage, and when pulled, the lid would reveal on the opposite side the Bring Back the Bacon mascot. A number of stickers and t-shirts were created by Rashi, showing the BBTB logo and mascot. They were part of the additional gimmicks of the project. After three weeks which passed faster than we had foreseen, the presentation day arrived. Our main focus on planning the presentation was to introduce our project development without leaving the core idea to the side. As a continuation of the head banging concept present on the website, we entered the presentation area with our Bring Back the Bacon masks on our faces and repeating with our heads the movement seen on the website. We also carried our BBTB mascot plushy with us to the stage. Even though our concept was strong and our ideas well thought, due to existing problems in the time management within this brief, the presentation wasnt prepared as carefully as it should had been. Therefore, we all knew how to explain and present our project outcomes, but because none of the team members was a native speaker, and with the additional insecurity it caused, communication mistakes were made. Also the language used was not at all the most correct one. Those factors had a depreciative effect in the jurys evaluation on the display of our work. This first presentation was a valuable lesson for me, relating to the time planning and management with a strict deadline and a project to be developed within a short period of time, one has to be strategic in order to bring it into reality. One must know his limitations and based on that should try to break them. If our team didnt had any Native speaker member, each one of us needed more time to prepare ourselves for the presentation. That was a grand weakness that was revealed on the presentation, and made us lose the brief. But to work in a team is to expect some experiences like the ones we had during this first project. When a team has elements which are incapable of sticking with the time plan, is always hard to have good results within schedule. Ive learned to impose myself and speak up when I feel that something isnt right, and is a great feature Im taking to the future. 2nd brief The second brief that was given to us was print based. Each design team was to create an illustrated book or magazine by the name Nursery Crimes. It would consist in a re-invention of traditional nursery rhymes, changing their thematic and message to face a matured audience. The project would have to have a strong concept, with a distinct theme running through it, exploring theoretical and communication perspectives which supported a print based storybook. The publication would be composed of twelve rhymes and illustrations, each two by each member of the group. Before approaching this brief my contact with nursery rhymes was quite limited, not being a native speaker. The research, at this level, was primarily a necessity. The term nursery rhyme is used for traditional children songs in English speaking countries. The early versions of those rhymes were only lullabies (in Portuguese, canà §Ãƒ µes de embalar), sung to children to help them sleep. According to the Childrens Literature: a Readers History, from Aesop to Harry Potter by Seth Lerer, nursery rhymes were often associated with criminality and historical events (the rhyme Remember, Remember is an example of an historical event portrayed on a rhyme). Throughout my initial research I came across several Childrens Literature illustrated books which I promptly analyzed. An interesting aspect that was common in every book analyzed was the use of bright and colorful images. The illustrations had a heartwarming feeling intrinsic to them, representing elements of the text very accurately. The text followed the clarity and simplicity adequate to its readers, consisting in regular font types, easily read. Other factor of relevant is the attention to detail in the pictures, adding the possibility to explore the images countless times. After this brief encounter with the Nursery Rhyme context, and having fully understood the purpose of the project, I started deconstructing the title Nursery Crimes. The mind map on the following page shows the analysis on the word Nursery, the word Rhymes and the word Crimes. I searched for words related to Nursery, trying to find some link between them and the thematic of crime. Then, I analyzed the types of rhymes that could be found in literature. Since the rhymes chosen would have to be re-written by myself, I considered this research very useful to that process. Finally, following a visit to the local Epsom Police Station, I added to the mind map every crime name that was given by the police officers. This list of crimes would be of much help on choosing the crimes with which I would associate my rhymes. Of course, the immediate link between Nursery and Crimes would have to be the crime of child abuse or pedophilia, for being directly related to children, but the other crimes on the list werent discarded, as they might be useful to the creative process. In the first team meeting working around this second brief, the time plan of the work was established (see on the right). The first week would be to choose and alter the nursery rhymes into the crime theme, and with that done, the second week would be spent constructing our illustrations. With both the rhymes and illustrations finished on the third week our efforts would be directed to the making of the Nursery Crimes book, with time for the printing and binding also included. With the purpo

The Red Badge Of Courage :: essays research papers fc

In The Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane uses fear to bring you into the story and keep you there. Crane’s main character Henry, â€Å"the youth†, is the prime example for this point. Henry’s fear is the entire novel’s basis. Throughout the story, Henry goes through different phases of fear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry starts out to be a rebellious teen wanting to join the army and gain the glory and recognition that comes with it. He fails to realize that fame and glory don’t come easy. He realizes that he is going to have to work for it and this is where his fear stems from. Once enlisted, Henry finds himself on the field of an ensuing battle. He debates if he will fight with his side, or run off into the woods. The battle starts, and Henry keeps to his position through sheer fear of dying. When the opposing side appears to retreat, the Union side celebrates pre-maturely. Moments later, the South re-groups and attacks again. Henry this time does not stay and fight. The first wave was hard enough and this time Henry is too afraid to stay. As he ran into the woods, he began to question the slaughter he had witnessed in the battle. When Henry comes out of the woods into another regiment another soldier slams him over the head, giving him a false red badge of courage, for not letting go of him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry, scared and wounded, stumbles in the dark overcoming a great fear of the Southern army, by wandering through dark and unknown land, to find his way back to camp. He finds a friend who leads him to his regiment. Henry, afraid of what his regiment will think of him, begins to think of a story to make his injury seem realistic. Trying not to give away it’s actual origin, Henry comes up with a gunshot wound story. His regiment gives him the glory he wanted, but under false circumstances. In the following days, another battle takes place. Henry fearing again what his regiment would think of him has to stay and fight. Henry is so into keeping the origin of his wound hidden that he stands behind a tree and fires shot after shot towards the army. He continues to fire after the rebels had retreated; another soldier had to stop him. Henry is seen as a great soldier.

Population Problem in Bangladesh Essay

Bangladesh is one of the world’s most densely populated countries with 150 million people, 49 percent of whom live below the national poverty line. In addition, child malnutrition rate rates of 48 percent, in condition that is tied to the low social status of women in Bangladeshi society. Contents 1 General overview of the Bangladesh economy 2 Rural and urban poverty 3 Causes of rural and urban poverty 4 Environmental problems and poverty 5 Implications of poverty in Bangladesh 6 See also 7 References General overview of the Bangladesh economy In Bangladesh, there are many problems like, poor infrastructure, political instability, corruption,and insufficient power supplies etc,†Ã¢â‚¬  but the Bangladesh economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996. However, Bangladesh still remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation with about 45% of the Bangladeshis being employed in the agriculture sector.[1] Rural and urban poverty Bangladesh is one of the world’s poorest countries. Bangladesh has to depend on international help. Since the 1990s, there has been a declining trend of poverty by 1% each year, with the help of international assistance.[2] According to World Bank in 2005, 40% of the population was still be below the national poverty line.[3] The population in Bangladesh is predominantly rural, with almost 80% of the population living in the rural areas.[4] Many of them live in remote areas that lack services such as education, health clinics and adequate roads, particularly road links to markets.[2] A low estimate of 20% of the rural poor is in chronic poverty. They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own no land and assets, are often uneducated and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities. Another 29% of the rural population is considered moderately poor. Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally have enough to eat, their diets lack nutritional values. As a result of health problems or natural disasters, they are at risk of sliding deeper into poverty. Women are among the poorest of the rural poor, especially when they are the sole heads of their households. They suffer discrimination, have few earning opportunities and their nutritional intake is often inadequate.[2] In the urban areas, there is about 37% of the urban population living below national poverty line.[5] For those living in urban areas, especially the capital Dhaka, and major industrial cities such as Chittagong, Khulna, and Rajshahi, they enjoy a better standard of living, with electricity, gas, and clean water supplies. Despite this, there is still a significant proportion of Bangladeshis living in slums that fall apart during the monsoon season and have no regular electricity, limited access to health care and to clean drinking water.[6] Causes of rural and urban poverty One of the main causes of rural poverty is due the country’s geographical and demographic characteristics. A large proportion of the country is low-lying, and thus is at a high risk to flooding. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are prone to extreme annual flooding which cause huge damage to their crops, homes and livelihoods. In order to rebuild their homes, they often have to resort to moneylenders, and that causes them to fall deeper into poverty. In addition, these natural disasters also cause outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne and diarrheal diseases such as dengue and malaria which will affect them physically and lower their productivity levels.[2][4][7] Another cause of rural poverty is due to the fast growing population rate. It places huge pressure on the environment, causing problems such as erosion and flooding, which in turn leads to low agricultural productivity. The causes of urban poverty are due to the limited employment opportunities, degraded environment, and bad housing and sanitation. The urban poor hold jobs that are labor demanding, thus affecting their health conditions. Therefore, the urban poor are in a difficult situation to escape poverty.[7] Environmental problems and poverty With 80% of the country situated on the flood plains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and those of several other minor rivers, the country is prone to severe flooding. While some flooding is beneficial to agriculture, high levels of flooding have been found to be a retardant on agricultural growth.[8] On average, 16% of household income per year is lost due to flooding, with roughly 89% of the loss in property and assets. Of these, households engaged in farming and fishing suffer a greater loss relative to income.[9] A positive relationship exists between flood risk and poverty as measured by household income, with people living under the poverty threshold facing a higher risk of flooding, as measured by their proximity to rivers and flood depth.[9] Property prices also tend to be lower the higher the risk of flooding,[10] making it more likely that someone who lives in a flood-prone area is poor and vice versa, as they might not be able to afford safer accommodation. Also, they tend to depend solely or largely on crop cultivation and fisheries for their livelihood and thus are harder hit by floods relative to their income. Important to the finances of farmers operating small farms is their self-sufficiency in rice and floods adversely affect this factor, destroying harvests and arable land. Farmers hit are often forced to undertake distressed land selling[11] and in doing so, risk being pushed into or deeper into poverty. In areas hard hit by floods, especially disaster floods such as the 1988 flood, several researchers have found that many of the affected households have resorted to selling off assets such as land and livestock to mitigate losses.[12][13] Also, in an area hard-hit by poverty and prone to floods, it was found that many of the poor were unwilling to pay for flood protection. The main reason cited had been lack of financial resources although it was found that many of these people are willing to substitute non-financial means of payment such as labour, harvest or part of their land[13] The above is problematic as it creates a vicious cycle for the poor of Bangladesh. Because the poor may not be able to afford safer housing, they have to live near the river which raises their risk of flooding. This would result in greater damage suffered from the floods, driving the poor into selling assets and pushing them further into poverty. They would be further deprived of sufficient resources needed to prevent extensive damage from flooding, resulting in even more flood damage and poverty. It then becomes even harder to escape this cycle. Even those farmers slightly above the poverty line are but just one bad flood away from the ranks of the poor. Implications of poverty in Bangladesh The Gross National Income (GNI) per capita measured in 2008 prices is a staggering low of US $520 while GNI Purchasing Power Parity per capita is US $1440 (2008).[14] This is a dismal figure when compared to other developed economies. Even though the poverty rate in Bangladesh has been decreasing, it is doing so at a slow rate of less than 2% per year.[15] 49% of the population still remains below the poverty line. Poverty matters because it affects many factors of growth – education, population growth rates, health of the workforce and public policy. Poverty is most concentrated in the rural areas of Bangladesh, hence creating disparities between the rural and urban areas. However, urban poverty remains a problem too. In particular, poverty has been linked strongly to education and employment. Research papers published by the Bangladesh Institute of Studies (BIDS) have shown that poverty acts as both a cause and effect of a lack of education, which in turn adversely affects employment opportunities. Having an unskilled workforce also greatly decreases the productivity of the workforce which decreases the appeal of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and thus impedes sustainable economic growth. In essence, education is an important contribution to the social and economic development of a country. Secondly, rising landlessness is also a consequence of poverty in Bangladesh. In the year 2000, among the poorest of the poor – the poorest 20 percent of the population – four out of five owned less than half an acre of land. Not only did many own no acreage at all, but landlessness has been increasing in rural Bangladesh along with the number of small and marginal farms.[16] The 2000 HIES found nearly half (48 percent) of the country’s rural population to be effectively landless, owning at most 0.05 acres. Roughly three-fifths of all households in the two poorest quintiles fell into that category. Lastly, for the chronic poor, issues such as food security and health hamper social mobility. According to a study done by the World Bank on Dhaka, the poor suffers from a lack of proper healthcare in their areas due to the expensive and poor quality health care services.[17] The poverty stricken areas either do not have the available facilities, or can only afford low quality healthcare. This is a problem that is common in both the rural and urban poor. For the urban poor, the problem has worsened as they can only afford to stay in slums where there are problems of overcrowding and unhygienic living conditions. These two factors results in the spread of diseases amongst the poor whom cannot afford better healthcare. Also, one cannot deny that a healthy and well-fed citizen is better suited for increased productivity as part of the workforce. Thus, poverty matters because it affects the social welfare of citizens.

King Lear Quote Analysis

â€Å"The art of our necessities is strange,' That can make vile things precious. † (3. ) 3. A. Speaker Lear b. Context Lear is raging out in the storm, the Fool urges Lear to find shelter c. Significance While Lear is raging and letting his anger get to the best of hi m, he realizes hat giving all Of the power to Generic and Reagan were foolish decisions. He did don't think about how ruling the kingdom granted him so much power, and realized this when he threw it all away foolishly. Lear learns that you can hate something or someone, until the mom entity need it most. L have no way, and therefore want no eyes; I stumbled when I saw. † (4. 1) 4. A. Speaker Gloucester b. Context Edgar sees an Old Man leading Gloucester, who is remorseful ova ere hating on Edgar, whom he loves and misses. C. Significance Gloucester claims that he would rather be able to see people from the inside, rather than the outer appearance or how they seem. He wants to know the try HTH of everyone s ince he didn't see the people for who they are, but saw them just from hearing ABA out them and assuming who they were.Gloucester doesn't want anymore misunderstanding gas, because that is what caused all of these trials. He realizes that you can only see a person for who they are by their actions. â€Å"The weight of this sad time we must obey;' Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say. / The oldest hath borne most: we that are young/ Shall never see so much, nor live so long. (5. 3) 5. A. Speaker Edgar b. Context Albany, Kent, and Edgar discussing after the tragedy that had jug SST taken place. . Significance Edgar has came up with the conclusion that speaking what we feel and had time to think about it rather than just blurting out whatever is on our mind is t he wisest thing to do because it'll end up in a tragedy such as this. Edgar also states that he, all Eng with Albany and Kent, can never see worst than the tragic events that occurred such as the De tats of Lear and hi s daughters, and his father and brother, Gloucester and Edmund.